This is a list of all spacecraft landings on other planets and bodies in the Solar System, including soft landings and both intended and unintended hard impacts. The list includes orbiters that were intentionally crashed, but not orbiters which later crashed in an unplanned manner due to orbital decay.
For a list of all planetary missions, including orbiters and flybys, see List of Solar System probes.

Landings

Colour key:
     – Successful soft landing with intelligible data return. The tannish hue indicates extraterrestrial soil.
     – Successful soft landing, intelligible data return, and sample return to Earth. The greenish hue indicates terrestrial return.
     – Successful soft landing, data/voice/video communication, sample return to Earth, and safe astronaut landing and return to Earth. All lunar astronaut landings have fulfilled the Kennedy challenge of a safe return to Earth.

Planets

Mercury

More information: Mission, Country/Agency …
MissionCountry/AgencyDate of landing/impactCoordinatesNotes
MESSENGER United States30 April 2015Probably around 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater JanáčekIntentionally crashed at end of mission.
Close

Venus

More information: Mission, Country/Agency …
MissionCountry/AgencyDate of landing/impactCoordinatesNotes
Venera 3 USSR1 March 1966Probably around -20° to 20° N, 60° to 80° EFirst impact on the surface of another planet. Contact lost before atmospheric entry.
Venera 4 USSR18 October 1967Estimated near 19°N38°E.Crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 5 USSR16 May 19693°S 18°EAtmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 6 USSR17 May 19695°S 23°EAtmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 7 USSR15 December 19705°S 351°EFirst successful soft landing on another planet; transmitted from surface for 23 minutes.
Venera 8 USSR22 July 1972Within 150 km radius of10.70°S 335.25°ESoft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes.
Venera 9 lander USSR22 October 1975Within a 150 km radius of31.01°N 291.64°ESoft landing; transmitted from surface for 53 minutes. First pictures from surface.
Venera 10 lander USSR25 October 1975Within a 150 km radius of15.42°N 291.51°ESoft landing; transmitted from surface for 65 minutes.
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe USA9 December 1978Surviving "Day Probe" landed at
31.3°S 317.0°E		One of four atmospheric probes survived impact and continued to transmit for 67 minutes.
Venera 12 lander USSR21 December 19787°S 294°ESoft landing; transmitted from surface for 110 minutes.
Venera 11 lander USSR25 December 197814°S 299°ESoft landing; transmitted from surface for 95 minutes.
Venera 13 lander USSR1 March 19827.5°S 303°ESoft landing; transmitted from surface for 127 minutes.
Venera 14 lander USSR5 March 198213.25°S 310°ESoft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.
Vega 1 lander USSR11 June 19857.2°N 177.8°ESoft landing; some instruments failed to return data.
Vega 2 lander USSR15 June 19857.14°S 177.67°ESoft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.
Close

Mars

More information: Mission, Country/Agency …
MissionCountry/AgencyDate of landing/impactCoordinatesNotes
Mars 2 lander USSR27 November 197145°S 30°WFirst man-made object on Mars. No contact after crash landing.
Mars 3 lander USSR2 December 197145°S 158°WFirst soft landing on Mars. An attempt to receive clear images from surface failed.Sent signal for only 20 seconds after landing.
Mars 6 lander USSR12 March 197423.90°S 19.42°WContact lost at landing.
Viking 1 lander USA20 July 197622.697°N 48.222°WSuccessful soft landing.
Viking 2 lander USA3 September 197648.269°N 134.010°ESuccessful soft landing.
Mars PathfinderandSojournerrover USA4 July 199719.13°N 33.22°WFirst airbag landing on Mars and first Mars rover.
Mars Polar Lander USA3 December 1999Contact lost prior to landing.
Beagle 2 UK/
 ESA		25 December 200311.5265°N 90.4295°ESuccessful soft landing. No contact due to solar "petals" not deploying fully, blocking antenna.
MER-A 'Spirit' USA3 January 200414.5718°S 175.4785°EMars rover. Contact lost 22 March 2010.
MER-B 'Opportunity' USA25 January 20041.9462°S 5.5266°WMars rover.
Phoenix USA25 May 200868.2188°N 125.7492°WLanded in the north polar region, and investigated whether conditions there are suitable for life to have evolved.
Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity) USA6 August 20124.5895°S 137.4417°EMars Rover. Landed in Gale Crater.
ExoMarsSchiaparelli EDM lander ESA 
 RFSA		19 October 20162.07°S 353.79°EContact lost after entry and parachute deployment, but before planned landing. Hard impact on the surface.
Close

Jupiter

More information: Mission, Country/Agency …
MissionCountry/AgencyDate of landing/impactNotes
Galileo atmospheric probe USA7 December 1995Atmospheric probe of Jupiter. [Not a "landing," but an intentional impact with a planetary body.]
Galileo USA21 September 2003Main craft was intentionally directed at Jupiter and disintegrated in Jovian atmosphere. [Not a "landing," but an intentional impact with a planetary body.]

Saturn

More information: Mission, Country/ Agency …
MissionCountry/ AgencyDate of landing/impactNotes
Cassini orbiter USA15 September 2017Main craft was intentionally directed at Saturn and disintegrated in Saturn's atmosphere [Not a "landing," but an intentional impact with a planetary body.]
Close

Planetary moons

Moon

Main article: Moon landings
More information: Mission, Country/Agency …
MissionCountry/AgencyDate of landing/impactCoordinatesNotes
Luna 2 USSR13 September 195929.1°N -0°EIntentional hard impact.
Ranger 4 USA26 April 196215.5°S 130.7°WIntentional hard impact; hit lunar far side due to failure of navigation system.
Ranger 6 USA2 February 19649.4°N 21.5°EIntentional hard impact.
Ranger 7 USA31 July 196410.35°S 20.58°WIntentional hard impact.
Ranger 8 USA20 February 19652.72°N 24.61°EIntentional hard impact.
Ranger 9 USA24 March 196512.83°S 2.37°WIntentional hard impact.
Luna 5 USSR12 May 196531°S 8°WUnsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 7 USSR7 October 19659.8°N 47.8°WUnsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 8 USSR6 December 19659.6°N 62°WUnsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 9 USSR3 February 19667.13°N 64.37°WFirst successful soft landing; first pictures from the surface.
Surveyor 1 USA2 June 19662.47°S 43.33°WSoft landing.
Surveyor 2 USA23 September 1966Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Lunar Orbiter 1 USA29 October 1966Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Luna 13 USSR24 December 196618°52′N62°3′WSoft landing.
Surveyor 3 USA20 April 19673.028175°S 23.458208°WSoft landing. First lander visited by a later manned mission (Apollo 12).
Surveyor 4 USA17 July 1967Contact lost on descent.
Surveyor 5 USA11 September 19671.46°N 23.20°ESoft landing.
Surveyor 6 USA10 November 19670.49°N 1.40°WSoft landing.
Surveyor 7 USA10 January 196840.86°S 11.47°WSoft landing.
Apollo 11 USA20 July 19690°40′26.69″N23°28′22.69″EFirst manned landing on extraterrestrial bodies.
Luna 15 USSR21 July 1969Possible attempted sample return; crashed into Moon.
Not a manned mission.
Apollo 12 USA18 November 19693.012389°S 23.421569°WManned mission.
Apollo 13 USA14 April 1970S-IVB stage crashed for seismic research (rocket stages from some other Apollo missions that successfully landed were also crashed in this manner)
Luna 16 USSR20 September 19700°41′S 56°18′EFirst successful robotic sample return.
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 USSR17 November 197038°17′N35°0′WRobotic lunarrover.
Apollo 14 USA5 February 19713°38′43.08″S17°28′16.90″WManned mission.
Apollo 15 USA30 July 197126°7′55.99″N3°38′1.90″EManned mission; lunar rover.
Luna 18 USSR11 September 1971Failed attempt at sample return; probable crash-landing.
Luna 20 USSR21 February 19723°32′N56°33′ERobotic sample return.
Apollo 16 USA21 April 19728°58′22.84″S15°30′0.68″EManned mission; lunar rover.
Apollo 17 USA7 December 197220°11′26.88″N30°46′18.05″EManned mission; lunar rover. Last manned landing on extraterrestrial bodies to date.
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 USSR8 January 197325°51′N30°27′ERobotic lunarrover.
Luna 23 USSR6 November 1974Failed attempt at sample return; damaged on landing.
Luna 24 USSR18 August 197612°45′N62°12′ERobotic sample return.
Hiten Japan10 April 1993Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Lunar Prospector USA31 July 199987.7°S 42.1°ELunar orbiter, intentionally crashed into polar crater at end of mission to test for liberation of water vapour (not detected).
SMART-1 ESA3 September 2006Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe ISRO14 November 2008Impactor. Water found.
SELENE Rstar (Okina) Japan12 February 2009Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Chang'e 1 China1 March 2009Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Kaguya Japan10 June 2009Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
LCROSS(Centaur) USA9 October 200984.675°S 48.725°W 
84.729°S 49.360°W		Impactors. Water confirmed.
LCROSS (Shepherding Spacecraft)
Chang'e 3 China14 December 201344.12°N 19.51°WFirst soft landing on moon since 1976, lunar rover.
Close

Moons of Mars

Phobos
More information: Mission, Country/Agency …
MissionCountry/AgencyDate of landing/impactCoordinatesNotes
Phobos 2 USSRFeb. 1989 (planned)Phoboslanding was planned but never attempted due to loss of contact
Close

Moons of Saturn

Titan
More information: Mission, Country/Agency …
MissionCountry/AgencyDate of landing/impactCoordinatesNotes
Huygens probe ESA14 January 200510.2936°S 163.1775°ETitan floating lander. Successful soft landing. Transmitted data for 90 minutes following landing.
Close

Other bodies

Asteroids, comets, other natural satellites, other bodies

Asteroids

More information: Body, Mission …
BodyMissionCountry/AgencyDate of landing/impactCoordinatesNotes
Eros(asteroid)NEAR Shoemaker USA12 February 2001Designed as an orbiter, but an improvised landing was carried out on completion of the main mission. Transmission from the surface continued for about 16 days.
Itokawa(asteroid)Hayabusa Japan19 November 2005Accidentally stayed for 30 min.
25 November 2005Stayed for 1 sec. Sample return (very small amount of dust successfully returned to Earth).
Close

Comets

More information: Body, Mission …
BodyMissionCountry/AgencyDate of landing/impactCoordinatesNotes
Comet 9P/Tempel 1Deep Impact USA4 July 2005Impactor.
Comet 67P/Churyumov–GerasimenkoRosetta ESA12 November 2014Philae lander. Successful soft landing, but anchors misfired and Philae bounced multiple times before coming to rest. Philae transmitted briefly but could not maintain power due to its awkward landing.
29 September 2016The Rosetta orbiter was intentionally crashed into the comet.
Close

See also

References

More information: Tap to expand …
  1. Brian Harvey (2007). Russian planetary exploration. Springer. pp. 98–101. ISBN 0-387-46343-7.
  2. "Mars 3". Retrieved 2010-05-28.
  3. "Lost Beagle2 probe found 'intact' on Mars", BBC News, 16th January 2015
  4. "Schiaparelli crash site in colour". European Space Agency. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  5. "The Sky is Falling" Archived 2010-04-02 at the Wayback Machine., NASA, April 28, 2006
Close

No comments:

Post a Comment

Comment here...

Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)

4th Dimension!

A  hypercube  moving along the 4D  axis A 4D  torus  rotating on the 4D  axis. 4D , meaning the  4 common dimensions , is an...

Recommended

  • Are we alone?
    Are we alone? This question is as old as humankind itself. For hundreds of years, people have turned their eyes to the stars and wondere...
  • The Solar System
    The  Solar System [a]  is the  gravitationally bound system comprising the  Sun  and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirec...
  • 4th Dimension!
    A  hypercube  moving along the 4D  axis A 4D  torus  rotating on the 4D  axis. 4D , meaning the  4 common dimensions , is an...